Stage 0 (intraepithelial carcinoma)

Usually at this stage apply local tumor resection.

Phase I

At the first stage of the disease may be applied following treatments:

• Local tumor resection.
• External radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy or without it. If a way to treat cancer failed to appoint an additional course of radiation and chemotherapy, to avoid the need for colostomy.
• Internal radiation therapy.
• abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum, if you can not cure cancer with radiation and chemotherapy, or suffered a relapse.

Internal radiation therapy, if you can not cure cancer with external radiation therapy.

Patients who have preserved sphincter, are examined every 3 months during the first 2 years, including the examination of the rectum using endoscopy and biopsy, if necessary.

Phase II

The methods of treatment of anal cancer in the second stage include:

Local tumor resection. External radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy. If a way to treat cancer failed to appoint an additional course of radiation and chemotherapy, to avoid the need for colostomy. Internal radiation therapy. abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum, if you can not cure cancer with radiation or chemotherapy, or suffered a relapse. clinical trials of new treatments.
Patients who have preserved sphincter, are examined every 3 months during the first 2 years, including the examination of the rectum using endoscopy and biopsy, if necessary.

Stage IIIA
The methods of treatment of anal cancer in stage IIIA include:

• External radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy. If treatment does not work, appoint an additional course of radiation and chemotherapy, to avoid the need for colostomy.
• Internal radiation therapy.
• abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum, if you can not cure cancer with radiation and chemotherapy, or suffered a relapse. clinical trials of new treatments.

Stage IIIB
The methods of treatment of anal cancer at stage IIIB include:

• External radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy.
• Local tumor resection or abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum, if cancer could not be treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Also sometimes removed lymph nodes. clinical trials of new treatments.

Stage IV

The methods of treatment of anal cancer at stage IV include:

• surgery as palliative treatment (aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life).
•  Radiation therapy as palliative treatment.
•  Chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy as palliative treatment. clinical trials of new treatments.
• Methods of treatment of recurrence of anal cancer

The methods of treatment of recurrence of anal cancer include:
radiotherapy and chemotherapy in case of recurrence after surgery. surgery in case of recurrence after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.