Laboratory diagnosis is based mainly on the study of red bone marrow. The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia is established when there is more than 30% NON-LYMPHOID blast cells. This prognostically favorable sign is the detection of Auer rods in M1, leukocytosis less than 20000 in M2, the presence of more than 3% of atypical eosinophils in M4. Group M5 and M7 are at high risk. Also conduct additional studies, such as cytochemical and cytogenetic, allowing to specify the form of the disease according to the classification and choose the tactics of treatment.

Therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia is similar to the treatment of lymphoid leukemia, but is often associated with the development of complications. Should be actively engaged in prevention and treatment of complications, which often include hemorrhage and infection. The differences relate not only great attention to complications, but distinct from lymphoid leukemia combination of chemotherapy drugs. As the base product at all stages of treatment of AML usually use cytarabine. Are also used vincristine, rubomitsin, vepezid, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, 6-Tioguanine, mitoksantron. Detection of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3), it becomes possible to transfer the disease in complete remission through the use of all-trans retinoic acid, promotes the differentiation of promyelocytes. This type of myeloid leukemia occurs in about 10% of all cases of AML. Effectiveness of treatment depends on the use of optimum combination of the drug with chemotherapy.

Remission occurs in approximately 80-85% of persons during intensive chemotherapy. The peculiarity of the disease is characterized by relapses of the disease in half of them for 5 years. Patients at high risk are usually shown holding a bone marrow transplant. Except M3 treatment of different variants of acute myeloid leukemia is similar.