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Cancer Immunotherapy Can Use Small Numbers of Stem-Like Immune Cells to Destroy
Large Tumors in Mice
(Posted: 06/14/2009) - A new approach to stimulating
immune cells enhances their anticancer activity, resulting in a powerful
anti-tumor response in mice, according to a study by researchers at NCI. This
work represents an important advance in the development of immunotherapy for
cancer.
Genetic Variant Associated with Resistance to Chemotherapy Drug in Women with
Breast Cancer
(Posted: 06/09/2009) - Researchers have found links between
an individual's genetics and their response to treatment with chemotherapy. The
findings, by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the
National Institutes of Health, and colleagues, show how a genetic variation,
located in the SOD2 gene, may affect how a person responds to the chemotherapy
drug cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide is used in the treatment of breast and
other cancers.
News Notes:
Structure of Bacteria Related to Traveler's Diarrhea Could Have Implications for
Cancer Vaccine Development
(Posted: 06/08/2009) - NCI researchers and
colleagues have determined the structure of thin hair-like fibers on the surface
of a type of E. coli bacteria that is the most common culprit in traveler's
diarrhea. The scientists, from NCI's Center for Cancer Research, using atomic
resolution technology, have elucidated the mechanics of assembly of these fibers
as they exit cells through a pore on the bacterial surface.
News Note:
Pesticide Use Linked to Higher Risk of Pre-Cancerous Multiple Myeloma
(Posted: 05/29/2009) - Investigators from NCI used data from the Agricultural
Health Study to refine and expand a relationship between pesticide exposure and
risk for multiple myeloma that they had established several years ago. They
found that men who used pesticides occupationally, particularly farmers, had a
nearly two-fold increased risk of a well-established precursor for multiple
myeloma compared to men not exposed to pesticides through their job.
Researchers
Identify Biological Markers that May Indicate Poor Breast Cancer Prognosis
(Posted: 05/26/2009) - A team of researchers has found an association between
breast cancer survival and two proteins that, when present in the blood in high
levels, are indicators of inflammation. Using data from the Health, Eating,
Activity and Lifestyle (HEAL) study sponsored by the NCI, the researchers found
that breast cancer patients with elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and
serum amyloid A (SAA) were approximately two to three times more likely to die
sooner or have their cancer return than those patients who had lower levels of
these proteins, regardless of the patient's age, tumor stage, race, body mass
index, or history of previous cardiovascular issues.
Formaldehyde Exposure among Industrial Workers Is Associated with Increased Risk
of Cancers of the Blood and Lymphatic System
(Posted: 05/12/2009) -
Results from an ongoing study of workers employed at plants that used or
produced formaldehyde continue to show a possible link between formaldehyde
exposure and death from cancers of the blood and lymphatic system, particularly
myeloid leukemia. The report, by researchers at the NCI provides an additional
10 years of follow-up data to build on previous findings from this study.
News
Note: Biomarker Can Distinguish Between Cell Death and DNA Damage
(Posted: 05/08/2009) - NCI researchers have identified a molecular ring pattern
that could be used as a biomarker to identify and distinguish between cells that
are programmed for death from cells that have a particular type of DNA damage.
Such biomarkers could provide new tools for basic cellular biology research, but
also help to mark cell death in clinical samples and monitor the efficacy of
anticancer regimens.
Targeted Immune Cells Shrink Tumors in Mice
(Posted: 02/09/2009, Updated:
05/07/2009) - Researchers have generated altered immune cells that are able to
shrink, and in some cases eradicate, large tumors in mice. The immune cells
target mesothelin, a protein that is highly expressed, or translated in large
amounts from the mesothelin gene, on the surface of several types of cancer
cells.
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